Fig. 4

Wavelength conversion of high-speed optical data. a Optical spectrum measured at the output of the bus waveguide for the wavelength conversion of 38 Gbit/s on–off keying modulated optical data stream. The optical power at the input of the bus waveguide for the pump and the signal waves are 2.5 mW (4 dBm) and 3.6 mW (5.6 dBm), respectively. b Bit-error rate (left) and eye diagram (right) of the converted idler (38 Gbit/s) at different pump power levels with a fixed signal power [given in (a)]. c Power penalty versus data rates at a hard-decision forward-error coding (HD-FEC) limit for devices with different signal bandwidths of 29.8, 36.4, 38.9, and 45.3 GHz for red, yellow, blue, and green circles, respectively. Signal bandwidths are extracted from the measured conversion efficiency profiles against the frequency detuning of the signal (fixed detuning range of 70 GHz, shown by the inset), following the same procedure as described in Fig. 3c. Black circles indicate the single resonator data points from reference [10], and the dashed line represents a power penalty level of 1 dB. d Overlaid FWM spectra with the signal wave tuned into eleven different resonances. The conversion bandwidth measurements show a wavelength conversion operation range of over 170 nm