Fig. 2

Fluorescence and spectroscopy experiments show 34.88 THz wave delays the aggregation of Aβ1–42 oligomers. a Schematic of the THz optical path system on Aβ1–42 oligomers. b The absorption spectra of DMSO, H₂O, DMSO + Aβ and Aβ powder in the range from 900 to 2000 cm^− 1. c Transmission spectra of mouse skull and phosphate buffer solution (PBS). d Thioflavine T (ThT) fluorescent images in 48 h of Aβ1–42 fibrosis progression in cases without and with 34.88 THz-wave, respectively. e–f The fluorescence spectra (e) and the intensity (f) of ThT in 48 h. g–h The changes in amide I in 96 h and the percentage composition of the β-sheet stack (reflected by the ratio of the peak areas at 1625 cm^− 1 to those at 1692 cm^− 1 and 1665 cm^− 1)  of Aβ1–42 oligomers in absence of the THz wave (g), and the fibrosis kinetic curves fitted through the Boltzmann function (h). i The slope at 50% threshold value of the curves with and without THz waves. j The temperature shifts in 1 h with THz-wave irradiation that is monitored by the liquid probe