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Fig. 3 | eLight

Fig. 3

From: Optical spatiotemporal vortices

Fig. 3

Variants of STOV wave packets. a Creation of tilted STOVs using cylindrical lens system. Adapted with permission from [77], copyright 2022, De Gruyter. b Creation of degradation-free STOVs with high topological charge. Adapted with permission from [84], copyright 2022, NPG. c Conformal mapping reshapes a STOV tube to a toroidal vortex. Adapted with permission from [85], copyright 2022, NPG. d Toroidal vortex weaved by field lines and created by metasurfaces. Adapted with permission from [87], copyright 2022, NPG. e Intersection of spatial vortices and STOVs creates time-varying and 3D oriented average OAM. Adapted with permission from [89], copyright 2022, Oxford

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