Fig. 1
![Fig. 1](http://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1186%2Fs43593-022-00031-1/MediaObjects/43593_2022_31_Fig1_HTML.png)
Schematic illustration of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) for the super-resolution quantification of surface biomarkers on single tumour cell-derived small EVs. a sEVs carrying heterogeneous distribution of biomarkers are released from the tumour cell. b sEVs can be captured on an antibody-coated plate and labelled by UCNPs. c UCNPs -EV conjugates detected as single bright spots with different intensities can be super-resolved in super-resolution nanoscopy