Fig. 1
Emission behaviors of a swift charged particle in an all-dielectric structure made of a semi-infinite istrotropic medium Si3N4 and a semi-infinite uniaxial crystal YVO4. a The schematic of the setup. A swift charged particle moves parrallel to the interface between the isotropic medium Si3N4 and the uniaxial crystal YVO4. The angle between the particle velocity and the optical axis of the uniaxial crystal is denoted as \(\theta_{q}\). b–d Time-domain radiation-field distributions of the charged particle in the cross section formed by the surface normal and the particle trajectory. When \(v = 0.50c\) and \(\theta_{q} = 40.9^\circ\), the swift charged particle excites both free-space Cherenkov photons and DSWs in b; when \(v\) is changed to \(0.51c\) (c) or \(\theta_{q}\) is changed to be \(41.4^\circ\) (d), only free-space Cherenkov photons are produced. In all the plots, the distance between the particle trajectory and the interface is fixed as \(y_{0} = 200\) nm, and the integration range of the wavelength is \(\lambda \in \left[ {0.2,2} \right]\) μm in free space