Fig. 6

TIS window for neural activity monitoring in awake mice. a An illustration of the TIS window application for GCaMP6s imaging in awake mice. b Representative two-photon images of dendrites marked with GCaMP6s and their spontaneous activities. The numbers and boxes in red represent individual dendrites and the corresponding dynamics of GCaMP6s’ activity. The plots inset represent the intensity distribution of the yellow lines. c Representative two-photon images of neural bodies marked with GCaMP6s on days 1 (the 11th day after TIS window establishment), 2, and 14. d Neuronal responses of 21 cells (top) and the average responses (bottom) on days 1, 2, and 14 (black arrow and gray bar indicate ES stimuli). The images were obtained with a 20 × objective; the excitation wavelength was 920 nm (80 MHz, 140 fs); the frame rate was 30 Hz. Similar results were obtained in 2 mice