Fig. 1
From: Intelligent metasurfaces: control, communication and computing
Conceptual illustration and history backgrounds of intelligent metasurface. a Intelligent metasurface, AI-empowered artificial materials, is a smart platform enabling various functions (for instance, data mining, communication, energy harvest, control, sensing, etc.) by processing its illuminated waves on the physical level. b About 70-years evolutions of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Artificial Material (AM), in while some milestones of new principles, mechanisms and physical phenomena are correspondingly marked as well. Here, the column-like histograms report the trends of published papers in AI and AM, respectively. These data sources about such statistical analysis come from the web-of-science, in which the keywords in advanced searching are set as ‘machine learning or deep learning’ for AI and ‘left-handed materials or metamaterials or metasurfaces’ for AM, respectively