Fig. 6

Profiles of excitation and emission intensities of 2p-MINFLUX and 1p-MINFLUX. Solid dots indicate donut intensities at r = 25 nm. Donut peaks occur at radius \(r_{1p}\) = 142 nm, and \(r_{2p}\) = 175 nm, corresponding to a 1.24-fold increase. a, b Donut excitation and emission similar to traditional confocal. Excitation intensities at r = 25 nm are \(I_{1p}\) = 0.0832 \(\approx\) 1/12.1, and \(I_{2p}\) = 0.0543 \(\approx\) 1/18.4. c–d MINFLUX donut profiles with increased excitation power. Excitation power is increased by 12.1-fold and 18.4-fold for 1p-/2p-MINFLUX respectively (c). Intensities in d is only hypothetical; considering fluorescence saturation, curves of emission would reach plateau (saturation) beyond certain values of r